Crushers

Crusher Types and Their Applications in Mining

Crushers are vital machines in mining and quarrying, designed to break down large rocks and ores into smaller sizes for processing. Over time, their designs have advanced with improved materials like alloy steels, enhancing efficiency and durability. This guide explores key crusher types, their evolution, and applications, offering insights into their role in the industry.

Table of Contents

• Jaw Crushers
• Gyratory Crushers
• Roll Crushers
• Other Crusher Types
• Materials in Crusher Construction
• Conclusion

Jaw Crushers

Jaw crushers, among the earliest crusher types, excel at handling hard materials. The double-toggle jaw crusher, patented by E.W. Blake in 1858, uses a pendulum motion for powerful crushing, ideal for primary reduction of tough rocks. The single-toggle jaw crusher, introduced later, offers a complex action suited for softer materials. Modern versions use manganese steel jaws for durability and are available in stationary or mobile crushing plants.

Learn more about their mechanics at How Does a Jaw Crusher Work?.

Gyratory Crushers

Gyratory crushers feature conical heads for processing large feed sizes. The long-shaft gyratory, pioneered by Charles Brown in 1877, evolved into the Gates crusher. The short-shaft gyratory, like the McCully design, reduces height and simplifies maintenance, making it a staple for primary crushing. Advanced models include manganese steel parts and high-speed options like cone crushers for secondary crushing.

Compare jaw and cone crushers at Jaw Crusher vs Cone Crusher.

Roll Crushers

Roll crushers are versatile for various materials. Gear-driven rolls, introduced around 1806 in Cornwall, use toothed shells for coarse crushing of rocks and ores. Belt-driven rolls, pioneered by S.R. Krom in 1874, operate at higher speeds for fine crushing, ideal for secondary or tertiary stages. They handle everything from coal to artificial products efficiently.

Other Crusher Types

Several specialized crushers serve unique purposes:

• Disk Crushers: Use centrifugal force for even material distribution, great for secondary crushing of moist substances.
• Single-Roll Breakers: Crush slippery or weathered materials like limestone with clay coatings.
• Swing-Hammer Crushers: Deliver high reduction ratios via impact, suited for softer rocks.
• Special Gyratory Machines: High-speed secondary crushers with parallel sizing zones for finer outputs.

Materials in Crusher Construction

Material choice is crucial for crusher longevity. Manganese steel dominates crushing faces due to its work-hardening properties under pressure. Chromium steel is used for roll shells, while heat-treated steels enhance shafts and frames, ensuring resilience in harsh conditions.

Comparison Table of Crusher Types

Conclusion

Crushers have evolved from simple designs to sophisticated machines, driven by material innovations and engineering advancements. Selecting the right crusher—whether a jaw crusher for hard rocks or a roll crusher for versatility—boosts operational efficiency. Explore mobile crushers for on-site solutions and optimize with scalper screens.